ZnO压敏陶瓷的非线性功能添加剂

本文采用单元掺杂与多元掺杂的方法，系统研究了几种过渡金属氧化物添加剂在控制ＺｎＯ压敏陶瓷非线性方面的作用，并根据金属阳离子外壳层电子结构稳定性和缺陷化学反应进行了分析，认为阳离子具有不饱和外层电子结构且半径与Ｚｎ＾２＋离子相近的过渡金属氧化物能改善ＺｎＯ压敏陶瓷非线性。     

5000m3液氨球罐缺陷分析

介绍建峰化工总厂化肥厂液氨球罐在进行周检时发现的缺陷及状况。针对不同类型缺陷 ,对其出处、成因按相关标准理论进行详细分析 ,运用规程进行强度校核、评定 ,得出球罐在下一检验周期前仍然安全可靠 ,提出了预防措施和建议     

在役埋地原油管道机械撞击损伤缺陷安全评定

对某段含局部撞击缺陷原油管线进行了弹性和弹塑性有限元数值计算,重点对焊缝附近两个撞击损伤严重的部位进行了极限分析和安定性分析,并根据“合乎使用”的原则,按国家“九五”、“十五”科研成果对含撞击缺陷的管道进行了安全评定,结果表明此管道在今后一年内可以安全运行。     

Stochastic defect diffusion model for relaxation effects in crystalline polyethylene

It is suggested that some relaxation processes observed in crystalline polyethylene are consequences of the diffusive motion of a particular defect called a point dislocation or twist dispiration loop along the polyethylene stems in lamellar crystals. The motion of the defect, characterized by a diffusion coefficient and a mobility, is described by solutions of the Smoluchowski diffusion equation with boundary conditions that constrain the defect to move along routes that produce experimentally observable results. The fact that passage of the defect causes both a 180° rotation of the chain and moves an extra CH₂ group in the direction of the chain axis is important to the interpretation of the data according to this model. The diffusion coefficient for a defect is estimated to be around 2 × 10^?9 cm² s^?1 at 70°C. This value is shown to be reasonable both from the viewpoint of detailed computer modelling of defect motion and contemporary ideas about scaling.     

提拉法生长钽酸钾晶体

用提拉法生长出了一系列钽酸钾(KTaO3)晶体,其中最大可达31 mm×31 mm×40 mm,质量为247g.X射线粉末衍射仪测试结果表明:KTaO3单晶具有立方结构,晶胞参数a=0.398 88 nm.透射光谱显示:KTaO3单晶在340～3 500 nm的波长范围内有宽广的透光波段,仅在2 875 nm的处有吸收峰.讨论了KTaO3晶体的表面形貌、宏观缺陷及生长习性.     

陶瓷材料的无损检测技术

综述了无损检测在陶瓷材料领域的应用，简略介绍了用于陶瓷无损检测的几种主要方法。     

塑料滚塑制品缺陷分析及解决方案

简要介绍了旋转滚塑成型的方法和用途,指出了研究并解决滚塑制品缺陷的目的和意义。通过对滚塑制品较常见的几种缺陷的形成原因进行分析,从制品原材料、模具结构设计、滚塑成型工艺等方面提出了旋转滚塑成型的基本要求,同时提出了为获得高质量滚塑制品时应避免或减少各种缺陷的解决方案。     

基于傅里叶特征谱和相关系数的织物疵点检测

为提高织物疵点自动检测的准确度,提出一种基于傅里叶特征谱和相关系数的织物疵点检测算法。以平纹、斜纹织物为研究对象,对织物图像进行傅里叶变换,得到织物图像的频谱图;定位频谱中的特征峰点,提取表征图像灰度、纹理的五个特征值;以正常织物为模板,计算待检图像特征值与模板图像特征值之间的相关系数,确定用于识别织物疵点的阈值,来实现织物疵点检测。实验结果表明:当阈值设定为0.80时,该算法能够实现稀密路、断经、吊经、纬缩、破洞等常见疵点的准确检测。     

基于轮廓波变换的织物疵点图像消噪新方法

为了实现织物疵点图像的有效消噪,使其更有利于特征提取和疵点检测,提出了基于轮廓波变换的织物疵点图像消噪新方法。综合考虑轮廓波方向子带能量的大小与织物疵点图像轮廓细节之间的关系,对Donoho多尺度分解阈值进行修正,改进了Donoho多尺度分解阈值对图像细节"过扼杀"的缺点。实验结果表明,对织物疵点图像进行基于轮廓波变换改进阈值消噪时,该方法更好地保留了织物疵点图像的轮廓细节,峰值信噪比显著提高。采用改进的轮廓波Donoho多尺度分解阈值消噪后的图像,可以更好地应用于织物疵点图像的特征提取和疵点识别。     

Diamond growth by carbon ion implantation of diamond

Medium energy (5–25 keV) ¹³C⁺ ion implantation into diamond (100) to a fluence ranging from 10¹⁶ cm⁻² to 10¹⁸ cm⁻² was performed for the study of diamond growth via the approach of ion beam implantation. The samples were characterized with Rutherford backscattering/channelling spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Extended defects are formed in the cascade collision volume during bombardment at high temperatures. Carbon incorporation indeed induces a volume growth but the diamond (100) samples receiving a fluence of 4 × 10¹⁷ to 2 × 10¹⁸ at. cm⁻² (with a dose rate of 5 × 10¹⁵ at. cm⁻² s⁻¹ at 5 to 25 keV and 800 °C) showed no He-ion channelling. Common to these samples is that the top surface layer of a few nanometers has a substantial amount of graphite which can be removed by chemical etching. The rest of the grown layer is polycrystalline diamond with a very high density of extended defects.